How to plan your grammar learning

What you need to know:

• the 3 conjugation patterns in the present tense and future perfective tense [ LINK ]
• past tense [ LINK ]
• future imperfective tense [ LINK ]

Conjunctions like: i, ale, a, więc ... [ LINK ]

They're indeclinable parts of speech, there is no inflection to learn - only meaning and usage in context.

You select the correct form from three options.

You're already familiar with perfective vs. imperfective aspect through learning verb conjugation (if not, here's a summary about aspects). And in fact, this task can often be solved even without explicitly analyzing the aspect, instead you can just rely on the context and agreement between verb forms and the subject.

So what is new here:

• conditional mood (morphologically based on the past tense, so it is best learned after it) [ LINK ]
• imperative mood (relatively simple; once you understand conjugation patterns, formation is mostly mechanical) [ LINK ]

You choose the correct form from three options.

Grammatical cases to master:

• Nominative - the basic case, but make sure you know the patterns of creating plural (masculine personal forms, which involve alternations, are usually introduced later, after the locative) [ LINK ]
  


• Instrumental [ LINK ]
• Accusative [ LINK ]
• Genitive [ LINK ]


• Locative [ LINK ]
• Dative [ LINK ]
• Vocative [ LINK ]

Prepositions such as: w, z, od, do, przed ... [ LINK ]

Learning cases normally also includes prepositions that govern each case. For example, z meaning with takes the instrumental case, but when z means from, it takes the genitive.

While it's possible to solve this task based purely on semantics, preposition-case combinations are still worth learning properly, given of the ambiguity of some of the prepositions.

The options are given in the correct cases, you just need to decide whether it should be an adjective or an adverb and what the appropriate form will be: positive, comparative or superlative.
What you need to know:

• distinction between adjectives and adverbs (functionally and morphologically) [ LINK ]
• adjective comparison patterns [ LINK ]
• adverb comparison patterns (similar, but simpler) [ LINK ]

But in practice, to solve this task, it's enough to just understand:

• adjectives describe nouns (and people and objects expressed by pronouns); adverbs describe verbs (and verb-derived forms such as participles)
• adjectives decline, so forms vary depending on case; however, comparison markers remain recognizable:
  wysoki - wyższy - najwyższy
  (-sz- for the comparative degree, naj-___-sz- for the superlative)
• adverbs do not decline, the forms are always the same; comparison markers are as follows:
  wysoko - wyżej - najwyżej (-o or -e ending for the positive form, -ej for the comparative, naj-___-ej for the superlative)

You form questions targeting a specific parts of given sentences.

Interrogative pronouns are divided into:

• invariable forms (gdzie, kiedy, jak ...)
• inflected forms (kto, co, który, jaki ... - declined by grammar cases)

The latter are learned alongside case declension.

I'll upload a summary of interrogative pronouns at this link: [ LINK ]

Sentence transformations using an indicated word. This one is quite random, as there's no fixed set of structures for this task, it can be anything from levels A1-B1. Often, more than one correct answer is possible. As long as your answers are grammatically correct, actually synonymous with the given phrase, and you used the required word in unchanged form, you're fine.